Non-Entropic Fossil Power Cell

Gregor Radziszewski

Abstract


Power Cells converting combustion-power to electric power with an efficiency of 90 percent replace batteries and accumulators for electric vehicles.

Figure 1: We simply never learn from nature. Supplying life with power is best done using organic chemistry and combustion processes combined with photosynthesis. The reason is that the carbon atom is the most versatile within the periodic chart.

Introduction

It is not the resignation from fuel that makes a technology green but the efficiency of power transfer. The efficiency of cumbustion processes is low and this is the source of all trouble. We don't blow so much CO2 into the air because we consume much energy but because our processes are weak. Is the best energy-carrier an electric accumulator that is heavy, that its production needs also a lot of energy and that is potentially poisoning the environment [7] ? Or is the best way to breath air and create energy from oxidation just like nature does herself but with much higher efficiency ? And similarly extract CO2 from the air by binding it to a fossil like a tree. Combustion engines seen as thermodynamic machines have the lowest possible efficiency around 20 percent. Fact is that Fuel, Benzene and Carbon itself is the best battery possible. Benzene has a higher energy density than hydrogen or any possible electric accumulator. It is the lightest most agile versatile possible energy tank. Nature uses the carbon-oxide circle herself because it is the best way to supply life with energy. The difference is the higher energy utilization or simply efficiency. No extra heat dissipation - perfect absorption of energy is the magic.
We present a device that turns combustion energy of fuels to electric power with an efficiency of 90 percent by applying new generations of superconductive metamaterials.

Contents

• Introduction
• The Superior Battery
• The Power-Cell
  • Do we use a liquid-oxygen-tank ?
  
  
• Economics - The closed loop
• Annual-Gigatons-CO2-Impact-Balance
• Water Pollution
• Revenue Forecast
• Resume
• Dear Investor
• Literature
• Appendix I: Antenna Theory
• Appendix II: Forecast

The Superior Battery

Benzene has the highest energy density in chemical reactions or compared to any possible electric accumulator. Compared to hydrogen the ratio is $\frac{10}{1}$. It is the lightest most agile versatile possible energy tank.
Having a combustion device of high efficiency You would be able to fuel Your car, machine, plane or ship with a cokebottle of fuel instead with a battery that weighs more than the whole vehicle.
The infrastructure of fuel stations could be retained. Charging is done within a minute. The benzene fuels are created by solar refineries that use solar energy to extract the carbon-dioxide from our air to benzene-fuels. This would complete the circle. The oil producing countries are also the countries with the highest solar flux and could provide in future our world with energy.

Figure 2: No medium will now and in future carry more chemical energy than benzene. Benzene is the ultimate battery. It is light versatile, does not poison the environment, is organic, does not require sophisticated tanks, is not difficult to produce and has simply the highest energy density.

Not powering electric motors with batteries but with benzene fuels is the most efficient way. The way nature does. Due to the high efficiency You need less benzene, Your car is lighter, You can go for longer journeys and accelerate faster. Benzene is the ultimate battery. Not only for cars but for all technologies as a versatile energy-tank.

The Power-Cell

We ignite benzene in the Power-Cell resulting in a perfect absorption of the infrared radiation. We speak from a cold combustion. The occurring expansion of gases or simply mechanical work is the reason for the low efficiency in a combustion process. We conduct the radiation energy from the combustion before these processes occur.
In order to dissipate the radiation energy from the combustion process before it can transform into mechanical work we use a nano-antenna. Instead dissipating into mechanical work the infrared radiation drains into the nano-antenna. This cold combustion allows a perfect impedance-matching or full absorption of the radiation energy and is the reason for the high efficiency.
Many candidates can serve as a nano-antenna. The nano-antenna must absorb infrared radiation. So the structural appearance of the antenna-molecule must have the wavelength of infrared light. The processes here are very much related to superconductivity and the goal is exactly to achieve that. Also the experiments with the metamaterials show that the superconductive state occurs. In that case the charge carriers loose their inertial mass what turns them to Dirac-Plasmons.
We are able to convert radiation-power into an electric current conducting this power without loss and to drive an electric engine.

Figure 3: A nanoantenna is resonant for infrared radiation that primarily occurs at a combustion process and especially the combustion of benzene. Beyond that the nanoantenna is a superconductor. It is used as ideal conductor to catch infrared radiation occurring during oxidation of benzene. The radiation power is converted to an electric current.

Her design inhibits power loss, thermal expansion and protects the critical parts from being burnt.

Do we use a liquid-oxygen-tank ?

No. We use the oxygen in the air. The car works simply like a regular combustion car. You tank fuel at a filling station and the air supplies it with oxygen. However the propulsion is electric. You have the comfort of a petrol car combined with the high acceleration of an electric car. However, now You are 500kg lighter so You have an even higher acceleration.

Figure 4: The Fossil-Power-Cell gnerates an electric current from the combustion of benzene with an efficiency of >90 percent.

Figure 5: Your electric car could drive electrically, but its power would be created by the Fossil Power Cell. The energy is stored in the petrol tank as benzene. And You fill Your green car at a petrol station. Due to the high energy density of benzene Your car would be even lighter, faster and You could go for longer trips.

Economics - The closed loop

This is not a concept that simply introduces a new gadget. The project funds itself. The oil producing countries should be invited to take part. They will also in future provide the world with energy. It's not a coincidence that the greatest reservoirs of fossil fuel are located in arabia. The most valuable good arabia has to offer is not fossil fuel but sunlight. Saudi-Arabia should be asked to create fuel from sunlight by reversing the process. With the power of sunlight CO2 is extracted from the air to create benzene.
The complete infrastructure of gas stations could prevail. The petrol-industry can expand into the sector of benzene synthesis. If these processes are implemented efficiently we will only exhaust the CO2 into the atmosphere that we synthesize back to fuel.
Moreover this technology creates a monopoly-position towards all automotive-producing companies. The car-selling-industry is forced to buy the fossil-power-cell in order to be competitive to other companies. None of technologies like batteries or hydrogen-cells are competitive to the technology proposed here. Another business-model is to sell licenses for series-production. So instead producing ourself we are going to sell a production license.

Figure 6: We adapt the C02-cycle of nature. What means we only exhaust the CO2 we can extract from the atmosphere. Machines like the shown above extract CO2 from the air and synthesize benzene. This benzene is Your battery and You get it from a gas station [4].

Annual-Gigatons-CO2-Impact-Balance

You might say that this is still a concept that requires fossil fuels and so it is not green. And how could it save tons of CO2 ? But honestly nature does not bother about fossil fuels or CO2. Nature bothers about efficiency. So let's take a detailed look.

Tons Removal of CO2 for retaining and prevailing the gas stations infrastructure

The US have 115000 filling stations alone. New forms of energy providing stations do not have to be built. For example high-pressure hydrogen installations do not have to be installed. No cement is needed to create new forms of stations. 1 ton of CO2 is emitted during the application of 1 ton cement.
Let's say You need $20$ tons of cement to update one gas station and You do this for $220\cdot 10^3$ stations worldwide. This will cause an overhead of

$$220\cdot 10^3 \cdot 20$$   tons$$= \textcolor{blue}{4.4\cdot 10^6 \text{tonsCO2}}$$

And I do not count here the power that is needed to do the actual construction work.

Tons Removal of CO2 for the lack of mass production of batteries and accumulators for electric vehicles

Batteries do not fall from the sky. The production of a battery in an electric vehicle costs CO2 and after its lifecycle is complete the battery must be recycled what costs also a great amount of CO2.
According to [6] 500 kgCO2 are required to produce a capacity of 1kWh for an electric vehicle. For a typical vehicle of 100kWh capacity the production creates

$$500 \frac{\text{kgCO2}}{\text{1kWh}} \cdot 100\text{kWH} = 50 \text{tonsCO2}$$

for a single vehicle. For an annual production of electric vehicles we got

$$50\frac{\text{tonsCO2}}{\text{vehicle}} * 10^7 \frac{\text{vehicles}}{\text{year}} = \textcolor{blue}{5*10^8 \frac{\text{tonsCO2}}{\text{year}}}$$

This is a lot.
Moreover the extraction of graphite and lithium poisons the environment [7].

Gigatons Removal of CO2 from the benefit of the Power-Cell-Technology in transport

Applying the Fossil-Power-Cell in electric vehicles like cars, planes, trucks, ships has technical benefits.

• The vehicle is lighter.
• The energy tank benzene does not loose energy.
• The power transfer has no electric resistivity. We do not loose power.
• Charging time is immediate.
• Most important we are 80% more efficient compared to combustion-engines.

The required energy by road vehicles worldwide per year is proportional to the exhaust amount of CO2 per year:

$$\frac{\text{req. Energy}}{\text{year}} = \frac{\text{exhausted CO2}}{\text{year}} * factor$$

Combustion engines have an efficiency of 20%. With an efficiency of nearly 100% the required energy drops to

$$\frac{\text{req. Energy}}{\text{year}} = \frac{\text{exhausted CO2}}{\text{year}} * factor * (1 - 0.8)$$

According to [5]
Passenger road-vehicles 6 GTonsCO2/year
Freight road-vehicles 2 GTonsCO2/year

$$8 \frac{\text{GigaTonsCO2}}{\text{year}} * 0.8 = \textcolor{blue}{4.8 \frac{\text{GigaTonsCO2}}{\text{year}}}$$

are the savings benefitted from the Power-Cell-Technology.

Tons Extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere to create Benzene

The Fossil-Power-Cell-Concept demands that fuel is created from CO2 in our atmosphere. Other energy storage technologies like hydrogen or electric accumulators do not require the carbon-molecule to be extracted from somewhere. So nobody will feel responsible to extract the CO2 from the atmosphere. However in order to create benzene as energy carrier the Power-Cell-concept requires someone to remove the CO2 from the atmosphere.
GigaWatts of sunlight flux in the middle east, arabia, africa are utilized to create benzene. Also here the established infrastructures of refineries, pipelines etc. is a vital part of the Power-Cell-Concept.
The project https://nordicbluecrude.no/ offers to create annually $10^7$   liters fuel from the CO2 in the atmosphere. One liter fuel binds $2.3 \frac{\text{kg CO2}}{\text{liter}}$. This is an extraction of

$$10^7$$   liters$$\cdot 2.3 \frac{\text{kg CO2}}{\text{liter}} = \textcolor{blue}{2.3 \cdot 10^4 \text{tons CO2}}$$

per year. A similar installation could be created in the middle east powered with sunlight. Soon we will be able to extract all of the required $4.8 \frac{\text{GigaTonsCO2}}{\text{year}}$ to power the electric traffic. The Fossil-Power-Cell is the missing link in that combination of technologies.

Water Pollution

Scientists, research studies and companies that Danwatch has consulted present estimates ranging from 400 to 2 million liters of polluted water per kilo of lithium. The global annual lithium output is 37,000 tons. This creates round

$$3$$   Petaliter$$= \textcolor{blue}{3 \cdot 10^{15}}$$liter/year$$$$

of polluted water during lithium-battery production.

Revenue Forecast

To rent facilities, hire specialists basically creating jobs we need to raise capital around 4 million dollars for the first 3 years when we will not create any revenue. As I have already worked in development, I know that this phase looks very tough and unpromising. But You must go straight forward and solve problem after problem step by step. After 3 years we present a device that can go to mass production. We are going to sell 2 million devices in the first year and every year more until every single vehicle is equipped with our technology. Simply because we created a monopoly position and a technology that is superior to all other technologies.
The price of 5000 dollars/device creates a revenue of 10 billion dollars in the first year and roughly 5 billion profit. The annual growth rate for electric vehicles is 20 percent.

Resume

The Fossil-Power-Cell-Technology will inspire the automotive industry in such a way as the petrol engine replaced the horse traffic. It will create a monopoly-position of that company or country that will first start its series production. It is superior to technologies like batteries or hydrogen. None can compete with it neither in efficiency, versatility or any other aspect. It will make cars lighter, more comfortable reducing charging periods to seconds and it will make vehicles faster. It will help a whole industry of petrol and filling stations to prevail.
It will protect the environment from being poisoned by graphite or lithium.
When the Fossil-Power-Cell hits the market battery driven vehicles will vanish.

Dear Investor

I am happy if You decided to invest into this technology. Just a word why Your investment is safe. You are the first who arrived. We have 10 years working experience in automotive design and also created pioneering research in physics. The metamaterials required to design the power-cell exist just for 2 years. We are thinking ahead. We created a device in the domain of physical limits. Also in future this technology will still be relevant. I am happy to show You the research papers if we sign a contract together. We protect the design as long as an investor is not ready to invest.
Our vision is to create long-term prosperity of all participants around the globe by offering a truely breakthrough technology for mankind.

Figure 7: Your author. I've studied physics and I worked for many years in the automotive industry in design, development, research and EMC. Mail to: gregorrx@gmail.com

Literature

1. not public
2. not public
3. not public

4. https://bnn.de, https://bnn.de/karlsruhe/karlsruher-tueftler-machen-kraftstoff-aus-co2, 7.11.2019

5. www.iea.org,https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/transport-sector-co2-emissions-by-mode-in-the-sustainable-development-scenario-2000-2030
6. theicct.org,https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EV-life-cycle-GHG_ICCT-Briefing_09022018_vF.pdf

7. www.business-humanrights.org, https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/latest-news/china-graphite-production-for-lithium-ion-batteries-causes-severe-environmental-pollution-complaints-by-villagers-are-suppressed/

Appendix I: Antenna Theory

Figure 8: Not public.

Appendix II: Forecast

Figure 9: Possible scenario: We raise 2 million $ capital and start mass production in two years when we will sell 2 million devices/year. Each for a price of 5000 $. The profit for a single device could be 2500$. The revenue is 10 billion $/year with 20% growth rate.

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Non-Entropic Fossil Power Cell

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